Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of cell death, often hijacked by cancer cells to evade apoptosis and promote survival. These proteins — such as XIAP, cIAP1/2 —block caspase activity and modulate NF-κB signaling, enabling tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy [1]. Overexpression of IAPs is common in many cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. Their central role in suppressing programmed cell death has made IAPs attractive therapeutic targets for the development of potent small molecule antagonists, also known as SMAC mimetics [1]. In addition, many IAPs also possess RING E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, effecting ubiquitination of cellular proteins for proteasomal degradation or to modulate signalling complexes. The E3 ligase activity of IAPs has been successfully exploited for Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD) applications, including heterobifunctional degraders termed Specific non-genetic IAP-based protein erasers (SNIPERs), or IAP-recruiting Protein Degraders (IPDs) [2-4].
Here we present an IAP-directed small molecule toolkit we have developed, with a focus on harnessing IAP proteins for TPD applications. Our platform includes streamlined structural, biophysical and cellular approaches to assess the IAP recruitment and selectivity, as well as the exploration of tag-based target validation studies strategies based on IAP-recruiting degraders. We hope this work provides a useful resource and valuable learnings for the development of IAP-recruiting degrader and SMAC mimetic therapeutics.